AI Definitions: Algorithms

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*Algorithms - Direct, specific instructions for computers created by a human through coding that tells the computer how to perform a task. This set of rules has a finite number of steps that instruct the computer how to perform a task. More specifically, it is code that follows the algorithmic logic of “if”, “then”, and “else.”  

The code follows the algorithmic logic of “if”, “then”, and “else.”  An example of an algorithm would be:        

IF the customer orders size 13 shoes, THEN display the message ‘Sold out, Sasquatch!’;  ELSE ask for a color preference.     

The two approaches by algorithms:

1. Rule-based algorithms – direct, specific instructions are created by a human

2. Machine-learning algorithms – under the larger umbrella of AI, the data and goal is given to the algorithm, which works out for itself how to reach the goal.. There is a popular perception that algorithms provide a more objective, more complete view of reality, but they often will simply reinforce existing inequities, reflecting the bias of creators and the materials used to train them.

More AI definitions here.

7 Articles about AI & Coding

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27 Data Science & AI articles from June 2023

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An argument for bigger quantum neural networks

In-orbit demonstration of a re-trainable machine learning payload for processing optical imagery

7 ways ChatGPT makes you code better and faster

Are data scientists still needed in the age of generative AI? Not according to this opinion piece

Making Predictions: A Beginner’s Guide to Linear Regression in Python

Air Force studying ‘military applications’ for artificial intelligence like ChatGPT  

24 articles worth reading about the dangers of AI (beyond security issues)

Open-source AI chatbots are booming

A hacking conference (DEF CON 31) has invited hackers to find bugs and biases in AI  

9 articles worth reading about the security dangers of AI

Neural Networks need data even fake data to learn: Why researchers turn to synthetic data to train their artificial intelligence systems

China tests first-ever low-Earth orbit constellation to rival SpaceX's Starlink

Intelligence analysts confront the reality of deepfakes  

The NGA is hailing the value of AI tools & machine learning to analyze 1000s of satellite images

How the rise of low Earth orbit satellites can disrupt how militaries fight

Space Force reconsiders the use of the Global Positioning System constellation

USGIF white paper on GEOINT opportunities created by AI related to synthetic training data

A look at how the commercial satellite economy got to where it is today

Mastering the art of data storytelling: A guide for data scientists

A system based on Google DeepMind’s AlphaZero AI can create algorithms that will sort data faster than algorithms built by people

A visual introduction to neural networks

Asking ChatGPT to write you a malicious code

Mutating malware can be built using the ChatGPT

New US spy satellites to track Chinese, Russian threats in orbit

Five ways to help your data science team collaborate more effectively

Many commercial-satellite operators are still creating overly ambitious plans

NGA: AI has come a long way but “not good enough” to justify a pause in development

29 Data Science & Geospatial Articles from March 2023

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Smaller, simpler neural network models are always more suitable for real-world applications

“Russia has expressed its willingness to target space assets, including commercial communications systems, adding to the U.S. urgency of developing warfighting tactics.”

US vs China—a video about the race to launch the next generation of space telescopes

China is preparing to launch its first satellites for a national low Earth orbit broadband megaconstellation to challenge SpaceX’s Starlink

Pentagon Prepares for Space Warfare as Potential Threats From China, Russia Grow

“The ideal size and intricacy of neural networks remain a matter of debate in the AI community, raising the question: Does neural network complexity matter?”

Remote sensing companies try to capture bigger piece of satellite imaging market

What data scientists need to know about machine learning

A list of free data science courses—from web scraping, statistics/probability, data analytics, SQL to business intelligence

The value of predictive models — cartography when data is very scarce

Quantum computers are a security threat before they even exist thanks to the encryption-breaking threats it posses

Space Force Wants $60 Million for Ultra-Quick Satellite Launches—with just 24 hour notice  

“The era of small satellites in Low-Earth Orbit is upon us”: Satellite manufacturers look to benefit from a multi-orbit future

China launches second classified high resolution remote sensing satellite

China’s secret naval base in Cambodia, through satellite imagery

Four machine learning trends to watch in 2023

Valuable GitHub repositories for data engineering

OpenAI’s price cut is “a warning sign that this may be a business with few producers"

“The launch of ChatGPT & Whisper APIs is expected to have a profound impact on the community of developers”

Documents detail 65-year effort to monitor an increasingly crowded orbital environment: A report on the US space surveillance network

Chinese research institutes are working to construct a quantum communications network using satellites in low and medium-to-high Earth orbits

The paradox that explains why “too much aggregation of data can become useless and start to introduce bias”

31 Generative AI Tools for text, images, & more with descriptions

A Chinese satellite launched in 2018 has been inspecting other nations' spacecraft high above Earth in geostationary orbit

Debating the rules of a conflict in orbit

Data Cleaning with Python Cheat Sheet

Diving into the world of quantum machine learning by exploring an advanced project utilizing a sample dataset

A systematic approach to retraining deep-learning artificial intelligence algorithms to deal with different situations

The difference between the roles of questions versus decisions in data science

20 Data Science articles from February 2023

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Five statistical paradoxes that data scientists should be aware of in order to do accurate analysis

What Pentagon leaders say they have learned from a year of battle in Ukraine:"The power of information is winning”

Software to sow doubts as you meta-analyze  

Machine learning is vulnerable to a wide variety of attacks. How the adversary can disrupt model training and even introduce backdoors

How Pandas alternatives—Polars, DuckDB, Vaex, and Modin—stack up to one of the most popular libraries in Python

Six of the most important types of machine learning algorithm 

“Big Data is real, but most people may not need to worry about it”

The ChatGPT prompts any data scientist must use

No, chatbots aren’t sentient. Here’s how their underlying technology works

5 Common Data Analytics Types Explained in Laymen’s Terms

Using the metaverse to virtually assemble and test AI war machines for the US military

Researchers discover a more flexible approach to machine learning—liquid neural nets

The evolving role of the data engineer

Top Predictive Analytics Trends in 2023

Even the pentagon Is using ChatGPT—the DoD’s used it to write a press release about a new counter-drone task force

How NGA Is integrating commercial analytic services into agency workflows

Python string matching without complex RegEx Syntax

Six python libraries especially useful to data engineers and natural language processing

Can ChatGPT write better code than Data Scientist? 

Researchers say ChatGPT can “weed out errors with sample code and fix it better than existing programs designed to do the same.”

15 Data Science Articles from Jan 2023

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25 Data Science Articles from Dec 2022

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A Pandas DataFrame cheatsheet for exploratory analysis & data manipulation 

Five ways that data roles will change in 2023 related to Chief Data Officers

AI & machine learning are “top of mind for the Army, especially as it pertains to protecting its assets in space”

10 weird things about SpaceX's more than 3,000 Starlink satellites (and that number keeps growing)

Initial specific steps toward launching a machine learning project 

Adobe has just released a remarkable and free AI-powered enhanced speech tool

The four biggest trends they expect to shape the AI landscape in 2023

Synthetic data applications, limitations & vulnerabilities

A guide to the roles and responsibilities on a data migration team

A tech journalist goes back to high school to find out what OpenAI’s Chatbot can pass AP Lit

The current limitations of AI’s military impact & where tech could one day spark “revolutionary changes” 

How Bayesian network structure learning can incorporate missing data 

The NGA has plans to develop an overarching cloud-based enterprise management system capable of automating its data collection and dissemination and ultimately replacing the overall Foundation GEOINT storage and management process 

A new paper on “Localization and classification of space objects using EfficientDet detector for space situational awareness”

Potential uses of ChatGPT for data scientists

McKinsey on the state of AI since the research firm began tracking it five years ago

A new collaborative effort is designed to “support interoperable open map data as a shared asset that can strengthen mapping services worldwide”

Different kinds of geospatial specialists are needed in different situations

China outpaces efforts by U.S. intelligence agencies to harness power of publicly available data 

The Space Dev Agency’s first major satellite launch has been delayed again

A look under the hood: How does ChatGPT work internally? 

An AI method from MIT and IBM research “improves the training and inference performance of deep learning models on large graphs”

Some basics about the new AI called ChatGPT 

Why Neural Network explainability is important, how to do it, & the tools for it

“The FCC approved part of SpaceX’s application for the second generation of the Starlink constellation, which will allow SpaceX to deploy up to 7,500 satellites”

20 Data Science Articles from Nov 2022

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3 approaches to track and reduce space debris

Big tech has a “blind spot about the severe limitations of large language models.” Meta’s Galactica is another example

A key advancement toward commercial quantum computing applications

Creating and deleting a SQL database on Azure Cloud

A dataset to train AI systems that can generate code

The NRO has released its formal request for proposals from commercial operators who can provide the spy satellite agency with hyperspectral imagery

Tracking the typical lifecycle of AI innovations in the aerospace and defense industry

Scientists call for better space weather alerts to prevent commercial space disasters

Data preparation is key to expanding military benefits of AI

The difficult search for dangerous space Junk that could potentially trigger devastating chain reactions 

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency plans to double spending on contracts to monitor global economic activity from space

“Our adversaries are coming after us in cyberspace” says a U.S. Space Force Col.

5 ways to use predictive insights to get the most from your data

Where is the satellite intelligence industry heading next?

15 of the little-known uses of artificial intelligence

Geopolitical threats in the space environment—debating a potential new cold war

AI creators have problems explaining how it works and determining why it has the outputs it has

Top C++ based data science and machine learning libraries

A moderately large atomic detonation could knock out satellites in low Earth orbit

7 Steps to Mastering Machine Learning with Python in 2022

29 Data Science Articles from Oct 2022

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“The Pentagon needs an intelligent decision support system to assist with analyzing all the data available without causing information overload for the analyst while detecting nuances and subtleties an analyst may not observe.” Read more.

Russia's anti-satellite threat tests laws of war in space

The Space Force & US Space Command could see action if Russia follows through on threats to target commercial satellites assisting Ukraine’s defense of its homeland. Read more.

SpaceX Amazon & FCC discuss satellite spectrum rulemaking

Senior Russian foreign ministry warns that the commercial satellites used by the US & its allies could become "legitimate" targets for retaliatory action by Russia. Read more.

Understanding graph neural networks & how they “apply the predictive power of deep learning to rich data structures that depict objects and their relationships as points connected by lines in a graph.” Read more.

How linear regression is used in machine learning

Linguists believed that learning language is impossible without a built-in grammar template. New AI models prove otherwise. Read more.

The value of imaginary numbers in quantum ideas to describe the hidden shape of the universe. Read more.

NSA cybersecurity director's 6 takeaways from the war in Ukraine 

Artificial intelligence explainability according to MIT: “the ability to manage AI initiatives in ways that ensure models are value-generating, compliant, representative, and reliable” Read more.

Military research groups are buying advanced US software products & selling them on, boosting China’s hypersonic missile program—despite export controls designed to prevent resales to foreign entities. Read more.

FCC tightens rules on space junk: the five-year limit for getting rid of dead satellites could slow the growing orbital litter problem—if companies will abide by it. Read more.

Surprise discovery of radio signals could help track space junk and limit global security risks

The future of military satellite communications starts now

Ukraine Lessons for Naval Intelligence's Next War

Russia launches three satellite deployment missions in one week

An update on the space race matching smartphones with low-orbit satellites

Radiation from outer space could affect the computers on satellites

The charge required to corrupt data is getting smaller all the time, meaning it is actually getting easier for cosmic rays to have this effect. Read more. 

3 Simple Ways to Speed Up Your Python Code

“Sweeping change is coming to the U.S. Army’s fleet of fixed-wing intelligence-gathering aircraft over the next several years.” Read more.

10 Data Science Cheat Sheets

The war in Ukraine has underlined the growing importance of space to armies on the ground

“For serious software development, the no-code/low-code approach doesn’t work when you need to develop mission critical software. It is even more far-fetched, then, to have only citizen data scientists running your AI/ML.” Read more.  

What will happen to the space debris in orbit?

10 things journalists should know About AI

The NRO is “redefining how it works with the US Space Force and the US Space Command” to “expand the NRO’s space-based intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance” as it faces a “more complex near-peer adversary environment.” Read more.

How to create satellite imagery datasets and how to apply a classification model to them based on convolutional neural networks. Read more.  

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17 Data Science articles from Sept 2022

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A layered security strategy is a must for satellites because “assets will be targeted without directly going after the satellite”

NRO signs agreements with six commercial providers of space-based RF data  

AI Isn’t Ready to Make Unsupervised Decisions

How to Handle Imbalanced Data in ML Classification using Python

As satellite imagery moves from “primarily selling imagery to selling monitoring, data products, and insights” 3D modeling and mapping takes center stage

U.S. GEOINT Is Clear Driver in Ukrainian Defense

China has committed $15.3B in public funds in quantum computing investments— eight times what the US has pledged

How to derive more exact integral formulas that give the complex calculations greater accuracy toward identify data symmetries

5 Data Science Skills That Pay & 5 That Don’t 

NGA Maps Out Digital Priorities for GEOINT  

The Geospatial Imagery Analytics Global Market Report 2022 predicts yearly growth from $7.4B to $9.5B with the main types of geospatial imagery analytics are video-based analytics and imagery analytics

Three ways to establish causal relationships and how Data Scientists can adopt a causal mentality

Demystifying artificial intelligence & machine-learning (in a few words)

Five Interesting Facts about the National-Geospatial Intelligence Agency

Here’s a data visualization library in Python which provides interactive and sophisticated features for analyzing data with interactive plots

New York Times: It’s time to start taking the potential and risks of artificial intelligence  

The quality of your predictive model results depends on a robust understanding the difference between training and testing data in machine learning

21 Data Science articles from August 2022

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R vs. Pandas: Understanding, slicing, filtering, and manipulating dataframes in R and Python Pandas

A Python Cheat Sheet for Data Structures and Algorithms

A new method for the spatial point patterns generation by classifying remote sensing images using convolutional neural network

Intelsat has lost the ability to command its Galaxy 15 satellite

School yourself on space junk—with some cool graphics

This fall the US Defense Innovation Unit will test ways to mitigate GNSS disruptions accelerating the use of commercial GEOINT and NAVWAR tools

The US Air Force is asking researchers to develop quantum computing software algorithms to boost AI and machine automation technologies for new generations of command and control systems

The evolution from artificial intelligence to machine learning to data science

The limitations of blockchains and criterion for judging when a blockchain is applicable

Some prominent members of the AI community are expressing doubt about machine learning’s role in AI’s future

Data manipulation using the dplyr package In R including filtering, selecting, arranging, summarizing and more

If war comes to space, who will control US spy satellites?

As US intelligence & military speed new sensors to space they are still working on details of who’s ultimately in charge during a conflict

Machine learning innovation among military industry companies has dropped off in the last year

How datasets are used in neural networks

A primer on how neural networks work

Some background on neural networks

A new area of artificial intelligence called analog deep learning promises faster computation with a fraction of the energy usage—by propelling protons through solids at unprecedented speeds

A scorecard to evaluate open-source software risks based on potential vulnerabilities and dependencies

Satellite imaging, not tourism, is the modern space race: “The full potential of readily available, nearly instantaneous space imagery has yet to be harnessed”

Action in in Ukraine reveals the vulnerabilities of drones

27 Data Science Articles from June 2022

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The priorities of the first-ever assistant secretary of the Air Force for space acquisition and integration (& top acquisition executive for the Space Force)

Google Cloud expands Earth Engine to help businesses and governments

Comparing C++ to Python (with examples)

Can synthetic data help AI get quicker results —and be less discriminatory? Here comes the fake data

OpenAI says its latest AI has learned to play Minecraft

US intelligence artificial intelligence use is booming but it's not the secret weapon you might imagine

“A major challenge facing the DoD at the moment is disparate data, spread across many different databases and stakeholders. Future winners will be those that can take all the data into a single location and make sense of it.”

“AI solutions for defense are much more mundane and focused on improving decision-making for humans” than many would imagine”

Space 2.0: “The shape of space is expanding beyond traditional defense & aerospace to an expansive range of practical & profitable applications.” A look at the 2022 trends

China launches first crewless drone carrier—experts suggest that it could also be used as a military vessel  

Space-based assets aren’t immune to cyberattacks: Russia's attack on Viasat satellites exposed how vulnerable space-based assets are and the potential for spillover damage

Which is better for data science visualization—R or Python? (hint: it all depends on the nature of the problem to be solved) 

Overcoming overfitting a model in machine learning

How space debris threatens modern life  

Ranking Pandas for Python, Dask & Datatable based on their performance

Snowflake ups support for python Build and offers Native Application Framework to run applications inside the Snowflake Data Cloud platform

Pentagon’s new AI and data chief waited days just for an ID card: ‘Let me say honestly that the bureaucracy is real’

The basic process of handling satellite image data for geospatial deep learning

6 Types of “feature importance” — a useful (and yet slippery) machine learning concept

Google Cloud’s new machine learning tools for its Vertex AI are now making their debut after being featured at the recent Applied ML Summit

The remarkable story of deploying the satellite communication system Starlink in Ukraine

Creating a simple, interactive dashboard with Panel & Python

Wanted: artificial intelligence & machine autonomy algorithms for military command and control

A visual breakdown of threats to space-based services such as Starlink & GPS

Google won’t allow people to create deepfakes using its collaborative machine learning platform any longer

“Python may be the second choice to R, but its popularity and ease of use positions it to dominate data science” 

Top YouTube channels for learning data science

Some basic data cleaning issues and possible solutions

Daily Data Science stories here.

Tuesday Tech Tools: 28 Learning Sites (coding & professional development)

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Academic Earth
More than 1,500 video lectures by professors from Harvard, Yale, broken down into single classes on topics like art, architecture, and astronomy. Free.

Code Cademy
Learn to code for free. Formal. Good reviews.

The Code Player
Learn to code through videos demonstrating actual typing of code to create items from scratch.

Colaboratory
An online code editor that exists right within Google Drive. Basically, its Google Docs for code. Write and execute code right in the browser. Only handles Python at the moment. Share files and have multiple people people edit them. Free.

Coursera
Learn to code through classes from accredited universities or develop yourself professionally. The courses are made up of lessons with multiple video lectures, along with readings, practice exercises, homework quizzes, and assignments. Most are free but have a cost if you want a certification. Limited help options.

Data Camp
Practice coding. See progress as you go. Free sign up.

Domestika
Mostly high quality online courses covering creative topics such as drawing, fine art, graphic design, arts and crafts, photography, etc. and some courses in business and design. No deadlines, learn at your own pace. Each course lasts from a couple of hours to 10+ hours and is divided into short lessons Certifications available. Most courses have a low fee ($10-$40) but some are free. Some courses are only available in Spanish with English subtitles.

FreeCodeCamp*
Founded by a schoolteacher turned programmer. Free, user-friendly hands-on online courses for beginners. Most courses run 300 hours. Positive reviews.

FurtureLearn
UK-based online learning platform. Earn a certificate with 3 or 4 classes (in 10 to 12 week blocks of learning). Mostly novice level content for job education. No phone apps and limited support. Some free tracks.

Google Code Playground
An advanced educational tool of Google’s Javascript APIs (application programming interfaces that simplify software implementing). Available for anyone to try out and tweak the code. Free but not for beginners.

Hands on Programming with R (free book)

How Cast
Free learning site divided into categories like environment, first aid, and parenting. Experts share their knowledge in videos that cover everything from surviving heart attacks to playing charades.

iTunes U
More than 350,000 free video lectures.

jQuery
Build coding projects to include in your portfolio, and collaborate with other members. A 4 question quiz matches you with the best course for you and your goals. Free 7 day trial if you enter a credit card number. $40 per month for unlimited courses.

Lynda Software Training*
Software training & tutorial video library. 

Kaggle Data Sets
A database of some 29k data sets for learning data science. There are more than a dozen free micro-courses for learning Python, machine learning, data viz, etc. Share/collaborate with others on the site.

Khan Academy
Tools for kids and adults in single, short lessons on a neon blackboard. More than 20,000 free videos. Free coding lessons with reputable content.

Learn Python the Hard Way
A book that introduces readers to Python.

MIT OpenCourseWare
For beginners. Textbook.

Mozilla Developer Network
Beginner friendly. Have to sign up to see. Positive reviews.

R for Data Science
Free Book. Good reviews for beginners.

Scratch
MIT-developed site tilted for children (but adults too) to learn coding basics focused on helping people create interactive stories, games, and animations. Free.

SoloLearn*
Free lessons on coding but with ads.

Stack Overflow
A popular programming problem-solving sites despite a number of negative reviews. Ask your coding questions as you learn or find chunks of code. Low as $5 a month.

StoryBench
Not hands on, more of a explanation of projects. Positive reviews.

TeamTreehouse
Tuturals on web design, coding, business, etc.  Students sign up for annual subscriptions.

Udacity
User-friendly online school focusing on job-related skills. Users very positive but expensive. $79 a month.

W3Schools Online Web Tutorials*
Learn HTML, CSS, etc. Easy-to-use. Navigate.

24 Data Science Articles from May 2022

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Spark or Hadoop? Both Apache products can be used by data scientists but which is the better analytics tool? Here’s a comparison—along with which one will fit better based on your project focus

Fixing data lake errors can be time-consuming, and costly—here are some thoughts on standardized an autonomous validation approach to avoid the lake becoming a swamp

Interpol: in a couple of years expect state-developed cyber weapons to be available on the dark net  

Do you think Python is slow? Here’s a fast way to loop in Python

Looking for patterns in satellite image time series with python? Here’s a quick guide for handling time-varying imagery with open python libraries 

Can the new-and-improved Large Hadron Collider save particle physics?   

Want to run Python code in a browser? Soon you might be able to 

The AI Engineering Process: A guide to solving an AI problem

The challenges of organizing geospatial intelligence efficiently 

Making predictions outperforms smart teams of data scientists working on large data sets. Some examples of machine learning mistakes thanks to the narrow thinking of the humans that created them.

Some researchers claim we’re on the cusp of GoPro physics—where a camera can point at an event and an algorithm can identify the underlying physics equation

An in-depth look at Neural architecture search—the AutoML subfield aiming to replace manual designs

In an effort to enhance artificial intelligence & machine learning technologies military researchers are letting it be known they want more accurate processing of covariance information related to environmental variations and noise

Intelligence agencies are starting to coalesce around a set of common standards and data for using open source intelligence

A detailed explanation of handling satellite imagery in the format of .tiff files using Python.

A way to better understand road networks by measuring their spatial homogeneity using machine-learning tools like graph neural networks

The place where machine learning shines

A new deep learning technique shows promise to make robotics systems more stable in handling deformable objects

Small satellites: The implications for national security 

Ukraine may be a tipping point for developing intelligent weapons

Two main types of adversarial attacks in neural networks

It’s not just about gathering data—it’s telling compelling stories 

NGA to Leverage AI, ML for GEOINT Analysis at Scale 

From data scientist to … comedian?

Follow for a daily Data Science article

Tuesday Tech Tools: 22 places to start learning to code

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Want to learn some coding? Here are some places to start:

Code Cademy
Learn to code for free. Formal. Good reviews.

The Code Player
Learn to code through videos demonstrating actual typing of code to create items from scratch.

Coursera
This online learning platform includes many coding courses from accredited universities. The courses are made up of lessons with multiple video lectures, along with readings, practice exercises, homework quizzes, and assignments. Most are free but have a cost if you want a certification. Limited help options.

Data Camp
Practice coding. See progress as you go. Free sign up.

FreeCodeCamp*
Founded by a schoolteacher turned programmer. Free, user-friendly hands-on online courses for beginners. Most courses run 300 hours. Positive reviews.

FurtureLearn
UK-based online learning platform. Earn a certificate with 3 or 4 classes (in 10 to 12 week blocks of learning). Mostly novice level content for job education. No phone apps and limited support. Some free tracks.

Google Code Playground
An advanced educational tool of Google’s Javascript APIs (application programming interfaces that simplify software implementing). Available for anyone to try out and tweak the code. Free but not for beginners.

Hands on Programming with R (free book)

jQuery
Build coding projects to include in your portfolio, and collaborate with other members. A 4 question quiz matches you with the best course for you and your goals. Free 7 day trial if you enter a credit card number. $40 per month for unlimited courses.

Kaggle Data Sets
A database of some 29k data sets for learning data science. There are more than a dozen free micro-courses for learning Python, machine learning, data viz, etc. Share/collaborate with others on the site.

Khan Academy
Free coding lessons with reputable content.

Learn Python the Hard Way
A book that introduces readers to Python.

MIT OpenCourseWare
For beginners. Textbook.

Mozilla Developer Network
Beginner friendly. Have to sign up to see. Positive reviews.

R for Data Science
Free Book. Good reviews for beginners.

Scratch
MIT-developed site tilted for children (but adults too) to learn coding basics focused on helping people create interactive stories, games, and animations. Free.

SoloLearn*
Free lessons on coding but with ads.

Stack Overflow
A popular programming problem-solving sites despite a number of negative reviews. Ask your coding questions as you learn or find chunks of code. Low as $5 a month.

StoryBench
Not hands on, more of an explanation of projects. Positive reviews.

TeamTreehouse
Tuturals on web design, coding, business, etc.  Students sign up for annual subscriptions.

Udacity
User-friendly online school focusing on job-related skills. Users give glowing reviews but it is expensive. $79 a month.

W3Schools Online Web Tutorials*
Learn HTML, CSS, etc. Easy-to-use. Navigate.

Find more tools here